Koht, Halvdan (1873 - 1965)

Halvdan Koht (7 July 1873 – 12 December 1965) was a Norwegian historian and politician representing the Labour Party.

Born in the north of Norway to a fairly distinguished family, he soon became interested in politics and history. Starting his political career in the Liberal Party, he switched to the Labour Party around the turn of the 20th century. He represented that party in the Bærum municipal council for parts of the interwar period. He was never elected a member of Parliament, but served nonetheless as Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1935 to 1940, as part of the government-in-exile following Germany's invasion of Norway. In the latter capacity he sought to preserve Norway's neutrality in the Second World War, a decision that garnered him political infamy. Growing discontentment with Koht's political decisions ultimately led to his exit from the cabinet. After the war, however, he returned to his academic career track and wrote major works in the 1950s and 1960s.

As an academic he was a professor of history at the Royal Frederick University (now the University of Oslo) from 1910 to 1935, having become a research fellow in 1900 and docent in 1908. Among many honors, he held an honorary degree at the University of Oxford. He was a prolific writer, and touched on numerous subjects during his long academic career. He wrote several biographies; his works on Johan Sverdrup and Henrik Ibsen spanned several volumes each. He became known for syntheses on Norwegian history, and emphasised the roles of peasants and wage labourers as historical agents who found their place in an expanding notion of the Norwegian nation. He was also interested in the United States and its history, and was a pioneer in Norway in this respect.

Koht's views on the Norwegian language also gave him nationwide academic recognition. He championed the Samnorsk language reform, the declared aim of which was to consolidate the two standards of written Norwegian. A reform pushing the formal written language in this direction was indeed implemented in 1938, but historical events led to the failure of this policy. A pertinacious and unyielding advocate of international peace, Koht was a founding member of the Norwegian Peace Association and an ordinary member of the Norwegian Nobel Committee. As an activist and politician he was described as a strong-willed and individualistic person, who nurtured a strong belief in taking an academic and legal perspective on political problems.

Halvdan Koht (7. heinäkuuta 1873 Tromssa – 12. joulukuuta 1965 Bærum) oli norjalainen historioitsija ja työväenpuolueen poliitikko. Hän työskenteli professorina Oslon yliopistossa 1910–1935 ja toimi Norjan ulkoministerinä 1935–1940.

Halvdan Koht (7. juli 1873–12. desember 1965) var ein norsk historikar og utanriksminister i Johan Nygaardsvolds Arbeidarparti-regjering.

Frå 1935 til 1941 var Koht utanriksminister i regjeringa Nygaardsvold. Etter andre verdskrigen vart han klaga for nøytralitetspolitikken i mellomkrigstida, men det var utanriksminister Koht som avviste det tyske ultimatumet i 1940 og det var han som utforma kong Haakon si erklæring til folket, der han sa nei til tyskarane .

Koht skreiv som historikar i første rekkje om norsk historie, om personar, politikk og sosiale forhold. Historieskrivinga hans var prega både av ein historisk materialisme der han la stor vekt på rolla til klassekampen, og eit organisk historiesyn i tradisjonen etter Ernst Sars der nye samfunnsformer vart forstått i ljos av tidlegare samfunnsformer.

Halvdan Koht var ihuga målmann, og leiar i Noregs Mållag frå januar 1921 til januar 1925. Han var gift med Karen Grude Koht. Koht sitt sosiale målsyn kjem klart fram i rettskrivingsreforma av 1938, der bokmålet vart kraftig fornorska, og nynorsken vart opnare for nord- og austnorske målføre. Målet for Koht var samnorsk. Han var såleis nestleiar i organisasjonen Østlandsk reising (skipa 1916).

Halvdan Koht, född 7 juli 1873 i Tromsø, död 12 december 1965, var en norsk historiker och politiker. Han var professor vid Oslo universitet 1910-1935, Norges utrikesminister 1935-1941, vilket han från 1940 var i den norska exilregeringen under andra världskriget och inte i det styre som leddes av Vidkun Quisling. Han var far till Åse Gruda Skard.