Frans Josef, kejsare av Österrike (1830 - 1916) [sv]

Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I (German: Franz Joseph Karl [fʁants ˈjoːzɛf ˈkaʁl]; Hungarian: Ferenc József Károly [ˈfɛrɛnt͡s ˈjoːʒɛf ˈkaːroj]; 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and the ruler of the other states of the Habsburg monarchy from 2 December 1848 until his death in 1916. In the early part of his reign, his realms and territories were referred to as the Austrian Empire, but were reconstituted as the dual monarchy of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1867. From 1 May 1850 to 24 August 1866, he was also president of the German Confederation.

In December 1848, Franz Joseph's uncle Emperor Ferdinand I abdicated the throne at Olomouc, as part of Minister President Felix zu Schwarzenberg's plan to end the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. Franz Joseph then acceded to the throne. In 1854, he married his cousin Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria, with whom he had four children: Sophie, Gisela, Rudolf, and Marie Valerie. Largely considered to be a reactionary, Franz Joseph spent his early reign resisting constitutionalism in his domains. The Austrian Empire was forced to cede its influence over Tuscany and most of its claim to Lombardy–Venetia to the Kingdom of Sardinia, following the Second Italian War of Independence in 1859 and the Third Italian War of Independence in 1866. Although Franz Joseph ceded no territory to the Kingdom of Prussia after the Austrian defeat in the Austro-Prussian War, the Peace of Prague (23 August 1866) settled the German Question in favour of Prussia, which prevented the unification of Germany from occurring under the House of Habsburg.

Franz Joseph was troubled by nationalism throughout his reign. He concluded the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, which granted greater autonomy to Hungary and created the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary. He ruled peacefully for the next 45 years, but personally suffered the tragedies of the execution of his brother Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico in 1867, the suicide of his son Rudolf in 1889, and the assassinations of his wife Elisabeth in 1898 and his nephew and heir presumptive, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, in 1914.

After the Austro-Prussian War, Austria-Hungary turned its attention to the Balkans, which was a hotspot of international tension because of conflicting interests of Austria with not only the Ottoman but also the Russian Empire. The Bosnian Crisis was a result of Franz Joseph's annexation in 1908 of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which had already been occupied by his troops since the Congress of Berlin (1878). On 28 June 1914, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo resulted in Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against the Kingdom of Serbia, which was an ally of the Russian Empire. This activated a system of alliances declaring war on each other, which resulted in World War I. Franz Joseph died in 1916, after ruling his domains for almost 68 years. He was succeeded by his grandnephew Charles I & IV.

Franz Joseph I ([frants j'oozef], 18. august 1830 Schönbrunni loss – 21. november 1916 samas) oli Austria keisririigi keiser alates 2. detsembrist 1848 ja Austria-Ungari keiser alates 1867. aastast.

Frans Joosef I (saks. Franz Joseph, unk. I. Ferenc József); (18. elokuuta 1830 Wien – 21. marraskuuta 1916 Wien, Itävallan keisarikunta) oli Itävallan keisari sekä Unkarin ja Böömin kuningas vuosina 1848–1916. Hän kuului Itävaltaa 1200-luvulta 1900-luvulle hallinneeseen Habsburg-sukuun. 68 vuotta hallinnut Frans Joosef on yksi kaikkien aikojen pitkäaikaisimpia eurooppalaisia monarkkeja.

Frans Joosef nousi Itävallan keisariksi vain 18-vuotiaana, Euroopan hulluna vuonna 1848, kun hänen setänsä Ferdinand I luopui kruunusta. Vuonna 1867 Unkarille myönnettiin autonomia ja Itävallan keisarikunta muuttui Itävalta-Unkarin kaksoismonarkiaksi, jota Frans Joosef hallitsi arvonimellä Itävallan keisari ja Unkarin apostolinen kuningas. Hän oli hallitsijana itsevaltainen ja pyrki pitämään hajanaisen valtakuntansa yhtenäisenä autoritaarisella politiikalla. Frans Joosef kuoli kesken ensimmäisen maailmansodan 86-vuotiaana; kaksi vuotta hänen kuolemansa jälkeen Itävalta-Unkari hajosi.

Frans Josef I av Asterrike (18. august 1830–21. november 1916) var keisar av Austerrike (1848–1916) og konge av Ungarn (1867–1916). Han var son av erkehertug Franz Karl av Austerrike og prinsesse Sophie av Bayern, og barnebarn av keisar Frans II av Det tysk-romerske riket.

Frans Josef I blei keisar av Austerrike etter at farbroren hans, Ferdinand I av Austerrike, abdiserte som følgje av uro i 1848. Far hans hadde allereie sagt frå seg retten til trona.

I krigen mot Sardinia i 1859 og mot Prøyssen i 1866 leia Frans Josef den tapande sida. Tapa var med på å bringa fram forfatningsreforma Ausgleich i 1867, noko som mellom anna innebar at det ungarske kongedømmet blei gjenoppretta i union med Austerrike.

Frans Josef (tyska: Franz Joseph I, ungerska: I. Ferenc József), född 18 augusti 1830 på Schönbrunn i Wien, död 21 november 1916 på Schönbrunn, var kejsare av Österrike från 1848 och kung av Ungern från 1867 fram till sin död 1916.

Han besteg tronen i Österrike sedan hans farbror, Ferdinand I av Österrike, abdikerat till följd av oroligheterna 1848. Hans far hade avsagt sig rätten till tronen redan tidigare, efter påtryckningar från sin fru, Sofia, som ansåg att sonen var bättre lämpad.

Han besegrades i kriget mot Sardinien 1859 och mot Preussen 1866. Dessa båda förluster resulterade i 1867 års författningsreform (Ausgleich), vilket bland annat innebar att det ungerska kungadömet återupprättades, i union med Österrike. Med 68 år på tronen är Franz Joseph den tredje längst, som myndig, regerande monarken i världshistorien, efter Elizabeth II och Bhumibol Adulyadej.