Roald Amundsens sydpolsexpedition (1909 - 1912) [sv]

The first ever expedition to reach the Geographic South Pole was led by the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen. Himself and four other crew members made it to the geographical south pole on 14 December 1911, which would prove to be five weeks ahead of the competetive British party led by Robert Falcon Scott as part of the Terra Nova Expedition. Amundsen and his team returned safely to their base, and about a year later heard that Scott and his four companions had perished on their return journey.

Amundsen's initial plans had focused on the Arctic and the conquest of the North Pole by means of an extended drift in an icebound ship. He obtained the use of Fridtjof Nansen's polar exploration ship Fram, and undertook extensive fundraising. Preparations for this expedition were disrupted when, in 1909, the rival American explorers Frederick Cook and Robert Peary each claimed to have reached the North Pole. Amundsen then changed his plan and began to prepare for a conquest of the South Pole; uncertain of the extent to which the public and his backers would support him, he kept this revised objective secret. When he set out in June 1910, he led even his crew to believe they were embarking on an Arctic drift, and revealed their true Antarctic destination only when Fram was leaving their last port of call, Madeira.

Amundsen made his Antarctic base, which he named "Framheim", in the Bay of Whales on the Great Ice Barrier. After months of preparation, depot-laying and a false start that ended in near-disaster, he and his party set out for the pole in October 1911. In the course of their journey they discovered the Axel Heiberg Glacier, which provided their route to the polar plateau and ultimately to the South Pole. The party's mastery of the use of skis and their expertise with sled dogs ensured rapid and relatively trouble-free travel. Other achievements of the expedition included the first exploration of King Edward VII Land and an extensive oceanographic cruise.

The expedition's success was widely applauded, though the story of Scott's heroic failure overshadowed its achievement in the United Kingdom. Amundsen's decision to keep his true plans secret until the last moment was criticised by some. Recent polar historians have more fully recognised the skill and courage of Amundsen's party; the permanent scientific base at the pole bears his name, together with that of Scott.

Roald Amundsenin etelänaparetkikunta oli naparetkeilijä Roald Amundsenin johtama retkikunta, joka pääsi 14. joulukuuta 1911 ensimmäisenä etelänavalle. Amundsen kuljetti koiransa, miehensä ja varusteensa vanhalla naparetkiä varten rakennetulla Fram-laivalla Etelämantereelle Rossin jäähyllyn reunaan Valaslahteen. Retkikunta rakensi sinne talvea varten asuinmökin, jota sanottiin Framheimiksi.

Talvehtimisen jälkeen Amundsen vaelsi etelänavalle hiihtäen. Amundsenin mukana etelänavalle lähti neljä miestä, Helmer Hanssen, Olav Bjaaland, Oscar Wisting ja Sverre Hassel. Matka kohti etelänapaa alkoi pitkin lauttajäätä. Retken vaarallisin osa oli kiipeäminen Axel Heibergin jäätikköä pitkin napatasangolle. Suurin osa koirista teurastettiin suunnitelman mukaan napatasangon reunalla jäätikön yläpäässä etelänavalle vievän matkan puolessa välissä. Etelänavalle ryhmä pystytti teltan ja Norjan lipun.

Norjalaiset onnistuivat voittamaan matkan vaikeudet ja rasitukset ja palaamaan ehjinä takaisin, vaikkakin uupuneina ja hieman paleltuneina. Norjalaisten menestys perustui pääosin Amundsenin kokemuksiin aiemmilta naparetkiltä, suunnittelukykyyn ja kykyyn valita miehet, vetokoirat ja varusteet oikein, ja korjata virheitään. Samana vuonna etelänavan valloituksesta kilpaillut Robert Falcon Scottin johtaman etelänaparetkikunnan jäsenet kuolivat paluumatkalla navalta.

For Fridtjof Nansen sin ekspedisjon med same namn sjå Nansens Fram-ekspedisjon

Tredje Framferda var ein norsk Antarktisekspedisjon leia av Roald Amundsen, og den første ekspedisjonen som nådde den geografiske sørpolpunktet. I åra 1910 til 1913 reiste Amundsen med «Fram» til Hvalbukta der han førte hundar og utstyr i land og sette opp vinterkvarter. «Fram» hadde tidlegare vorte nytta to gonger i Arktis. Frå basen Framheim ved Hvalbukta drog han med hundesledar mot Sørpolen, som han nådde den 14. desember 1911, 34 dagar før rivalen Robert Falcon Scott frå den britiske Terra Nova-ekspedisjonen, i det som har vorte kalla «kappløpet om Sørpolen».

Amundsen hadde opphavleg tenkt å bli den første til nå Nordpolen frå Alaska, men under førebuingane til denne ekspedisjonen kom det meldingar om at Frederick Cook og Robert Peary alt hadde nådd den nordlege polen, og Amundsen endra planane sine i all løyndom. Først etter at ekspedisjonen segla ut frå Noreg vart besetninga og omverda underretta om dei nye planane.

Roald Amundsens sydpolsexpedition var en expedition till Antarktis 1909-1912, där norrmannen Roald Amundsen den 14 december 1911 blev den första människan på Sydpolen. Expeditionens skepp var Fram.