Fredrik II, kung av Danmark och Norge (1534 - 1588) [sv]

Frederick II (1 July 1534 – 4 April 1588) was King of Denmark and Norway and Duke of Schleswig and Holstein from 1559 until his death.

A member of the House of Oldenburg, Frederick began his personal rule of Denmark-Norway at the age of 24. He inherited a capable and strong kingdom, formed in large by his father after the civil war known as the Count's Feud, after which Denmark saw a period of economic recovery and of a great increase in the centralised authority of the Crown.

Frederick was, especially in his youth and unlike his father, belligerent and adversarial, aroused by honor and national pride, and so he began his reign auspiciously with a campaign under the aged Johan Rantzau, which reconquered Dithmarschen. However, after miscalculating the cost of the Northern Seven Years' War, he pursued a more prudent foreign policy. The remainder of Frederick II's reign was a period of tranquillity, in which king and nobles prospered. Frederick spent more time hunting and feasting with his councillors, and focused on architecture and science. During his reign, many building projects were begun, including additions to the royal castles of Kronborg at Elsinore and Frederikborg Castle at Hillerød.

Frederick has to a great extent been overshadowed by his popular, long-reigning son Christian IV, and often been portrayed with skepticism and resentment, resulting in the prevailing portrait of Frederick as a man and as king: an unlettered, inebriated, brutish sot. This portrayal is, however, inequitable and inaccurate, and recent studies reappraise and acknowledge him as highly intelligent; he craved the company of learned men, and in the correspondence and legislation he dictated to his secretaries he showed himself to be quick-witted and articulate. Frederick was also open and loyal, and had a knack for establishing close personal bonds with fellow princes and with those who served him.

In 1572, Frederick married his cousin Sophie of Mecklenburg. Their relationship is regarded as one of the happiest royal marriages in Renaissance Europe. In the first ten years after the wedding, they had seven children, and are described as inseparable and harmonious.

Frederick was committed to becoming the mightiest king in the North, and for several years he fought exhausting wars against his archrival Erik XIV of Sweden, after which the battles changed character. It became a competition to see who could trace their family history the furthest, and who could construct the most formidable castles. In the 1570s he constructed Kronborg, a large Renaissance castle that became widely recognized abroad, and its dance hall was the largest in Northern Europe at the time. He enjoyed entertaining guests and throwing elaborate festivities, which were well known throughout Europe. During the same period, the Danish-Norwegian fleet was developed into one of Europe's largest and most modern. As part of his efforts to strengthen the kingdoms, he provided much support for science and culture.

Frederik II (1. juuli 1534 Haderslevhusis – 4. aprill 1588 Antvorskovi lossis) oli Taani kuningas ja Norra kuningas aastatel 1559–1588.

Ta oli Christian III poeg.

Frederiki katsed kuningavõimu tugevdada luhtusid feodaalaristokraatia ja eriti riiginõukogu vastuseisu tõttu.

Et kindlustada Läänemerel Taani ülemvõimu, sekkus ta Liivi sõtta ja alustas Rootsi-vastast Põhjamaade seitsmeaastast sõda.

1559. aastal vallutas Frederik II Põhja-Saksamaal Dithmarscheni ja ostis Johann von Münchhausenilt Saare-Lääne piiskopkonna ning kinkis selle oma vennale hertsog Magnusele.

Fredrik II on maetud Roskilde toomkirikusse.

Fredrik II (1. heinäkuuta 1534 – 4. huhtikuuta 1588) oli Tanskan ja Norjan kuningas vuodesta 1558 aina kuolemaansa saakka. Hän oli edeltäjänsä Kristian III:n poika.

Fredrik II (1. juli 1534–4. april 1588) son av kong Kristian III og Dorothea av Sachsen-Lauenburg, vart fødd på Haderslevhus i Danmark. Han var konge av Danmark-Noreg frå 1559 til 1588 og var av den oldenborgske slekta. Etter faren sin siger i Grevefeiden vart Fredrik i 1536 vald til tronfylgjar med tittelen «prins av Danmark». Då faren døydde i 1559 skreiv Frederik under på ei handfesting og kom på trona. I 1572 gifte han seg med sitt 15-årige syskenbarn, Sophie av Mecklenburg, som var 23 år yngre enn han.

I 1559 erobra han Ditmarsken saman med farbroren hertug Adolf av Gottorp. Elles var dei fyrste åra av regjeringstida hans prega av store motsetnader i høve til Sverige. Fredrik II makta ikkje å få gjennomført dei militære planane sine under den Den Nordiske Sjuårskrigen frå 1563 til 1570. Fredrik II hadde tyske leigesoldatar, og rekna med at han difor snøgt kunne vinna krigen mot svenskane. På grunn av dårleg organisert tilførsle av forsyningar måtte dei vera vinteren over i Skåne. Planen var å rykkja snøgt fram mot Stockholm. Året etter var svenskane på frammarsj, og dei trengde inn i Noreg fleire stadar. Svenskane herja mellom anna i Halland og Blekinge. Mot sommaren fekk Frederik II organisert eit pengelån til å finansiera planane om eit åtak mot Stockholm. Åtaket fall i fisk og hæren måtte trekkja seg attende. Eit nytt forsøk i oktober vart mislukka, og det danske Riksrådet miste mest tolmodet.

Fredrik II såg seg nøydd til å kalla heim den gamle uvenen til faren, Peder Oxe. Peder Oxe fall i unåde hjå Christian III i 1556 og vart tvungen til å reisa utanlands. Oxe vart gjeven lov til å koma attende til Danmark. Oxe gjorde mykje for å betra pengestoda til den danske staten. Adelen vart overtala til å ta større del i økonomiske ytingar. Øresundstollen vart tredobla. Ved freden i Stettin i 1570 var Danmark framleis den mektigaste staten i Norden.

Fredrik II, född 1 juli 1534, död 4 april 1588, kung av Danmark och Norge från 1559.

Son till Kristian III av Danmark och Dorothea av Sachsen-Lauenburg. Eftersom modern var syster till Gustav Vasas första hustru Katarina av Sachsen-Lauenburg var Fredrik kusin till den svenske kungen Erik XIV, som var Katarinas son.